基于源流汇指数分析的天津市中心城区生态韧性 -天津化工杂志社投稿

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基于源流汇指数分析的天津市中心城区生态韧性

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摘要：

Based on ecological security pattern and toughness coupling between urban development and demands, to Tianjin City as the object of empirical study, using 2005-2017, Tianjin TM/ETM + images and ASTER GDEM data, in accordance with the basic theories of landscape ecology and analysis tools was proposed based on “Source-Flow-Sink” 3D evaluation methods of urban ecological resilience by toughness source identification, the ecological footprint accounting and minimum cumulative resistance simulation analysis of three kinds of toughness index respectively. Among them, resilience “Source” refers to the patches in the urban ecological security pattern that can provide ecological resilience services, such as vegetation buffer, habitat maintenance and water and soil conservation. The “Resilience Sink” refers to the resistance surface affecting the ecological resilience recovery, such as the scale of the built-up area, population density, etc. The resilient “Flow” refers to the safe space carrier connecting the“Source” and “Sink”, such as ecological corridor and urban form. In this way, the suggestions on improving the ecological resilience of the central urban area of Tianjin are put forward to ensure that the city has the resilience and resilience to respond to pressure or risk conditions in the face of uncertain disturbances.

The “Source-Flow-Sink” index analysis method is a quantitative analysis and evaluation method of resilience strength based on the research on the coordination and symbiosis among the three basic ecological resilience factors, namely urban built environment, ecological resource background and residents’ ecological footprint demand. Three kinds of resilience indexes not only restrict each other but also decide the stability of urban ecological security pattern. Through toughness “Source-Flow-Sink” three dimensional index evaluation found that Tianjin City center space distribution, each group toughness strength index of the three different influence on urban ecological resilience level, when the face of production safety accidents,environmental pollution and natural disasters such as risk still showed weaker elastic resilience, central city ecological resilience should be dynamic and continuous process, emphasis on toughness “Source-Flow-Sink” elements in time and space structure adjustment.

The results show that: 1) The “Source-Flow-Sink” resilience indexes restrict each other and affect the restoration of urban ecological resilience. A single index can only describe the strength of urban ecological resilience factors, so only the combination of three indexes can determine the stability of urban ecological security pattern. 2) That the source of toughness index is the condition of ecological safety threshold is defined, and the toughness of the Tianjin City center source safety threshold should be kept in the range of 1.5 2, the lower the toughness index of source suggests that city construction the more serious the damage to the natural ecological environment, once broke the minimum safety threshold, the steady state will be difficult to restore the ecological environment system. Therefore, the change of resilience source index should be carefully treated as the primary condition to ensure urban ecological security. 3) The resilience sink index is the bottleneck of the safe expansion of urban space and can represent the ecological footprint or ecological consumption intensity of residents under different urban densities. Tianjin City center toughness index should be maintained in the average level of 0.22 to ensure the sustainability of the urban construction, once the Td>0.35 breakthrough will lead to incremental construction ecological environment capacity and greatly reduce the intensity of ecological resilience, the resilience of constant resistance surface is too big to send proper erosion ecological source and cause of the ecological environment problems, and tough remit bearing surface is too small will cause the ecological footprint and trigger social security demand is too high, so both decided to urban spatial expansion of the scale and direction of safety. 4) Ductile flow index is the standard for elastic regulation of urban morphology. Urban morphology with good toughness should be the spatial coupling between ductile source and ductile sink. The adjustment of urban morphological elasticity should not only control the disorderly expansion of ductile sinks, but also increase the number of blue-green landscapes. Greenways and water systems should be used to enrich the composition of urban ductile sources and improve the elastic adaptation to the expansion of ductile sinks.

0 引言

随着国家治理体系和治理能力现代化工作的推进，以雾霾、环境污染、供水不足、灾害侵袭等问题为主的城市病成为城乡规划、灾害管理、地理及景观生态学研究的焦点[1]。生态安全作为城市病治理的核心议题，在生态修复工作中面临着致灾因子多样化与承灾体脆弱化的双重考验。多样化的致灾因子导致生态破坏行为发生的不确定性，让原本针对单向生态环境问题的治理方案捉襟见肘[2]；脆弱化的城市承灾体因长期粗放无序的建设行为而威胁到生态环境容量的上限，难以通过短期的生态修复回归到生态安全格局的稳态[3-4]。因此亟待引入韧性城市理论进行系统性生态韧性研究的创新，通过探索个体生态风险因素与生态安全格局间的耦合关系来构建科学可行的生态韧性评价方法。

文章来源：《天津化工》网址: http://www.tjhgzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0318/1040.html